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OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of limonin on intestinal injury and intestinal flora disturbance in rats with ulcerative colitis （UC） and its mechanism. METHODS UC rat models were established， and 70 rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into model group， limonin low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （12.5， 25， 50 mg/kg）， and sulfasalazine group （positive control group，500 mg/kg）， with 14 rats in each group. Another 14 rats were selected as the control group. After modeling， each group was given the corresponding drug or equal amount of normal saline， once a day， for 2 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last administration， the general condition of rats was observed and the body weight was measured， and colon tissue was collected for colonic mucosal damage index （CMDI） scoring； the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in colon tissue were detected； the pathological changes of colon tissue were observed； the protein expressions of Claudin-1， Occludin， ZO-1， high mobility group protein B1 （HMGB1） and receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） in colon tissue were detected； fecal 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the relative abundance of zhangxiaxia5287@163.com intestinal microbiota in rats. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the rats in the model group were in poor mental state， with darker fur， irritable mood， disordered arrangement of colon glands， inflammatory cell infiltration， cell necrosis and edema； CMDI score， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， protein expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE in colon tissue， the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； body weight， the protein expressions of Claudin-1， Occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissue， the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， general situation and pathological damage of colonic tissue in limonin groups were improved， the levels of the above indicators were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）， and in a dose-dependent manner （P＜0.05）； there was no significant difference in various indexes between sulfasalazine group and limonin high-dose group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Limonin can improve intestinal injury and intestinal flora disturbance in UC model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with the down-regulation of HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway.
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Objective:To construct a classification and regression tree which can be used to guide the tracheostomy for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI) based on the identification of the risk factors for TCSCI.Methods:The 498 patients with TCSCI were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University from January 2009 to December 2018. There were 403 males and 86 females, with an age of (50.2±13.6) years. Of the patients, 69 received tracheostomy and 420 did not. The gender, age, smoking history, injury cause, neurological level of injury (NLI), American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) grade, injury severity score (ISS), thoracic injuries, prior pulmonary diseases, prior basic diseases, and operative approaches of the patients were statistically analyzed by single factor analysis. After the independent risk factors for tracheostomy were analyzed by binary logistic regression, the classification and regression tree was developed which could be used to guide the tracheostomy.Results:The logistic regression analysis showed age>50 years ( OR=4.744, 95% CI: 1.802 to 12.493, P=0.002), NLI at C 4 and above ( OR=23.662, 95% CI: 8.449 to 66.268, P<0.001), ASIA grade A ( OR=40.007, 95% CI: 12.992 to 123.193, P<0.001), and ISS score>16 ( OR=10.502, 95% CI: 3.909 to 28.211, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for the tracheotomy. The classification and regression tree revealed that ASIA grade A and NLI at C 4 and above were the first and second decision nodes, which had a strong predictive effect on tracheostomy. 86.84% of the patients with ASIA grade A and NLI at C 4 and above underwent tracheostomy. Conclusion:Our classification and regression tree shows that NLI at C 4 and above and ASIA grade A have a strong guiding effect on tracheotomy for TCSCI.
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The Danggui Yinzi, as one of the classic prescriptions, was first recorded in Yan's Jisheng Prescription and is mainly used to treat various skin diseases with blood deficiency and wind dryness. By referring to ancient books and modern literature researches, this study analyzed and summarized the literature of Danggui Yinzi from the aspects of prescription origin, composition, addition and subtractive changes of flavor, dosage and decocting and taking method, discrimination of prescription and efficacy, raw material and processing of medicinal materials, and modern clinical application. Textual researches explored more than 80 ancient literature and 170 modern literature and showed its content included Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rehmannia Radix, Tribuli Fructus, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Schizonepetae Spica, Polygoni Multiflora Radix, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It was cooked by water. It was used for the patients with skin diseases and Chinese pattern of blood deficiency wind drying. It has showed a wide range of applications, and similar application in ancient and modern time. This paper provides a more comprehensive reference for the research and development of compound preparation of Danggui Yinzi.
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Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive and lethal tumor in the eye. The complexity and heterogeneity of UM and its microenvironment leads to a lack of strategies for early prevention and treatment of metastases. Single-cell sequencing technologies provide critical insights into deciphering the complexity of intratumor heterogeneity and the microenvironment by enabling genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic analysis at the single-cell level. With the help of bioinformatics analysis combined with artificial intelligence algorithms, molecular indicator systems related to prognosis as well as therapeutic targets can be found, which can provide a basis for guiding the selection of clinical treatment plans. However, the single-cell sequencing technology also has certain limitations, such as high sample requirements, expensive and time-consuming sequencing. It is believed that with the improvement of science and technology and the update of analytical methods, these shortcomings can be gradually solved, and this rare tumor will eventually be overcome in the future, and the goal of long-term survival of UM patients will be achieved.
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Objective:To evaluate the rapid nucleic acid amplification detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA and MP-RNA in the diagnosis of MP infection and therapeutic values in children. Methods:Patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia were enrolled from the Department of Respiration, Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2018 to December 2018.Specimens were detected using the MP and Macrolide-Resistant isolates Diagnostic Kit (PCR Fluorescence Probing, Jiangsu Mole Bioscience Co., Ltd.) and MP Diagnostic Kit (Isothermal RNA amplification, Shanghai Rendu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).Results:Among them, 42.1%(840 cases) of the 1 994 cases were positive for MP-DNA, and the macrolide associated gene mutations were detected in 96.0% (806/840 cases) of them, while 33.9% (551 cases) of 1 624 cases were positive for MP-RNA.Seven hundred and fifty-eight specimens were simultaneously detected by adopting MP-DNA and MP-RNA, and the positive rate was 43.1% (327/758 cases) and 36.7% (278/758 cases), accordingly, which were inconsistent (Kappa=0.604) in 613 (80.9%, 613/758 cases) cases, with significant differences ( χ2=6.60, P=0.01). Part of the specimens were rechecked with the interval of 7 days: MP-RNA was negative in 70.1% (47/67 cases) specimens and MP-DNA was negative in 36.1% (22/91 cases) specimens ( χ2=33.20, P<0.01). Conclusions:The positive detection rate of MP was at a high level in 2018, in Beijing, China.The results of MP-DNA and MP-RNA are consistant.But RNA detection can help to diagnose MP in the early stage, and monitor the survival of MP and its efficiency.
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Background@#Hydrogen bonding interaction was considered to play a critical role in controlling drug release from transdermal patch. However, the quantitative evaluation of hydrogen bonding strength between drug and polar functional group was rarely reported, and the relationship between hydrogen bonding strength and controlled release capacity of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) was not well understood. The present study shed light on this relationship.@*Methods@#Acrylate PSAs with amide group were synthesized by a free radical-initiated solution polymerization. Six drugs, , etodolac, ketoprofen, gemfibrozil, zolmitriptan, propranolol and lidocaine, were selected as model drugs. drug release and skin permeation experiments and pharmacokinetic experiment were performed. Partial correlation analysis, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular simulation were conducted to provide molecular details of drug-PSA interactions. Mechanical test, rheology study, and modulated differential scanning calorimetry study were performed to scrutinize the free volume and molecular mobility of PSAs.@*Results@#Release rate of all six drugs from amide PSAs decreased with the increase of amide group concentrations; however, only zolmitriptan and propranolol showed decreased skin permeation rate. It was found that drug release was controlled by amide group through hydrogen bonding, and controlled release extent was positively correlated with hydrogen bonding strength.@*Conclusion@#From these results, we concluded that drugs with strong hydrogen bond forming ability and high skin permeation were suitable to use amide PSAs to regulate their release rate from patch.
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Objective@#To investigate the season, age and gender distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children in Beijing, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of MP infection.@*Methods@#A total of 4 271 children with community acquired pneumonia hospitalized at the Respiratory Department of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics were collected between January 2006 and December 2015.MP 16S rRNA and tandem repeat locus-Mpn16 were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR).@*Results@#Among 4 271 specimens, 1 042 were positive for MP by PCR, and the positive rate was 24.4% (1 042/4 271 cases). There were 3 MP outbreaks (2006-2007, 2012-2013 and 2015, respectively). The positive rate was up to 44.6% in the epidemic year, but as low as 13.0% in the non-epidemic year.The positive rates of MP in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 21.2% (217/1 022 cases), 22.0% (230/1 044 cases), 28.9% (320/1 108 cases) and 25.1% (275/1 097 cases), respectively.There were mild epidemic peaks in April to May and August to September every year.The infection rates of MP in autumn were significantly higher than those in other 3 seasons(χ2=16.50, 13.30, 4.07, all P<0.05). The positive rates of children in each age group were 10.6% (69/651 cases) in < 1 year old group, 17.5% (216/1 233 cases) in 1- 2 years old group, 28.5% (369/1 294 cases) in 3-6 years old group, and 35.5% (388/1 093 cases) in > 7 years old group, respectively.The positive rate of preschool and school-age children was 31.7% (757/2 387 cases), which was higher than that of the infants (15.1%, 285/1 884 cases), and there was a statistical significance (χ2=157.0, P<0.05). The positive rate of MP in girls was 28.3% (481/1 699 cases), which was significantly higher than that in boys [21.8% (561/2 572 cases)], and there was a statistical significance (χ2=23.4, P<0.05), especially during the epidemic years.@*Conclusions@#The detection rate of MP infection in children in Beijing is high in autumn and winter, and low in summer.The positive rate of MP increases with age.The high incidence of MP infection is in preschool and school-age children, especially girls.There is a significant difference between the prevalence of MP infection and the prevalence intervals.The prevalence of MP infection may be closely related to the long-term closed and semi-closed living habits.
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Objective To explore methods to measure the management level of Chinese hospitals in natural conditions of Chinese hospitals, for improvement of their operation efficiency. Methods The methodology of World Management Survey( WMS) was introduced, and the questionnaire was localized using expert consultation method. Double-blind telephone interviews were conducted to investigate the management level of Chinese hospitals in the four dimensions of standardized operation, performance monitoring, target setting and talent management. Results The management level of hospitals in China varied greatly from places. Among them, the hospital management scoring was found to range from 2. 50 to 2. 75 in most cases, averaging 2. 55. These hospitals scored relatively poor at the four specific management practices of hospital layout(2.48), performance communication(2.27), talents retention, and clarity and comparability of objectives(2. 45). Management level of a hospital was correlated to such factors as its history, ownership form, human capital and hospital size. Conclusions This study uses WMS methodology to quantify Chinese hospital management. The overall management level of Chinese hospitals is expected to improve with much gaps to cover. At this stage, it is imperative to solve the unbalanced and inadequate development of hospital management levels, among regions, hospital grades and forms of ownership.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between macrolide resistance mutations in My-coplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and its genotype by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Methods One hundred and forty-three Mp-positive specimens were collected in Beijing(54 col-lected at the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics),the United States(59 col-lected at four different geographical locations:Kansas City,Missouri;Seattle,Washington;New York,New York;Chicago,Illinois) and Australia(30 provided by the diagnostic laboratory at the Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research,West-mead Hospital,Sydney). Nested PCR was used to detect mutations in 23S rRNA. A capillary electrophore-sis-based single tube multiplex PCR (mPCR-CE) was used to analyze the MLVA types of Mp in those sam-ples. Results A2063G mutation was identified in 57 specimens including 49 from Beijing,seven from the United States and one from Australia. The 143 Mp-positive specimens were typed into 10 distinct MLVA types. Fifty-four specimens collected in Beijing belonged to four MLVA types, which were M4-5-7-2 (44/54,81.5%),M3-5-6-2 (7/54,13.0%), M4-5-6-2 (2/54,3.70%) and M4-5-5-2 (1/54,1.85%). Fifty-nine specimens collected in the United States belonged to six MLVA types including M4-5-7-2(27/59, 45.8%),M3-5-6-2 (18/59,30.5%),M3-6-6-2 (11/59,18.6%),M3-5-6-1 (1/59,1.69%),M4-5-7-3 (1/59,1.69%) and M5-5-7-2 (1/59,1.69%). Thirty specimens of Mp from Australia were grouped to five types with M3-5-6-2 (12/30, 40.0%) and M4-5-7-2 (10/30, 33.3%) and M3-5-7-2 (5/30, 16.7%) being the predominant types. Macrolide resistance mutations were detected in 57 out of 143 speci-mens (49 from Beijing,seven from the United States and one from Sydney) and 50 of them were MLVA type of M4-5-7-2. Conclusion The MLVA type of M4-5-7-2 is associated with macrolide resistance in Mp.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) in pediatrics.MethodsA total of 131 non-duplicate clinical isolates of K.pneumoniae were collected in the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics from 2010 to 2012.PMQR genes [qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ⅰb-cr and qepA], mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in those strains were analyzed by PCR.Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different antibiotics against those K.pneumoniae strains were determined by broth microdilution method and E-test according to the guidelines issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Transferability of the PMQR genes was examined by conjugation test with the sodiumazide-resistant Escherichia coli J53.Results Among the 131 isolates, 9.92% were resistant to quinolone and 30.5% were positive for PMQR genes, including 6.87% harboring qnrB gene, 22.9% harboring qnrS gene and 4.58% harboring aac(6′)-Ⅰb-cr gene.Neither qnrA-positive nor qepA-positive strain was detected.Among these PMQR genes-positive isolates, 90% were ESBLs-producing strains and two presented mutations in gyrA and parC genes.Conjugation test showed that these PMQR genes could be transferred horizontally and the ciprofloxacin resistance increased 2 to 32 folds in transconjugants.Conclusion This study indicates that the PMQR gene-carrying rate is high in K.pneumoniae strains isolated in paediatrics in China.Most of the PMQR gene-positive strains are also ESBLs-producing strains.The PMQR genes could be transferred horizontally in bacteria.
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Objective To survey bacterium pollution state on the surface of medical equipment maintenance tools,and thenobserve the disinfection effect of ozone.Methods Totally 30 medical equipment maintenance tools including screwdriver,hexagona wrench and multimeter from certain hospital were placed in ozone disinfection cabinet,and then disinfected by ozoneup to 5 minutes.Samples on the surface of tools were collected by cotton swabs before and after disinfection,cultured for 48hours in 37 ℃,and then the bacterial colony counts were measured and analyzed,and pathogenicity bacteria were identified.The pollution couditions on kinds of tools were compared.Results The surface of the tools was polluted severely,bacterialcolony counts of which before disinfection reached (132.68±37.02) cfu/cm2,and decreased to (6.44±1.08) cfu/cm2 after 5-minutes' disinfecting.There was statistically significant difference in the bacterial counts before and after the disinfection (P＜0.01),and the inactivation ratio was up to 95.15％.Pathogenicity bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coliwere detected before the disinfection,and killed after that.The bacteria counts were significantly different in the three kindsof tools,and the screwdriver gained the highest count while the multimeter had the lowest one.Conclusion The surface ofmedical equipment maintenance tools is polluted by bacteria severely,including some pathogenicity bacteria,and should be disinfected regularly.Ozone can kill bacteria rapidly,and the tools can achieve sanitary standard after 5-minutes' ozone disinfecting.
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Objective To explore the distributional differences of the gene frequencies of 22 short tandem repeats loci on Y Chromosome(Y?STRs) between offenders with Initiative?aggressive behavior and impulsive?aggressive behavior,and to probe into the genetic factors of initiative?aggressive behavior and im?pulsive?aggressive behavior. Methods Biological samples of 271 offenders with initiative?aggressive behav?ior and 271 offenders with impulsive?aggressive behavior were collected and PCR compound amplification was carried out with the aid of PowerPlex Y23 System. Then the PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis and gene detection with AB3500xL gene analysis system so as to calculate and compare the alleles and haplo?types of 22 Y?STRs gene frequency in the two groups. Results The distribution of allele frequency were sig?nificantly difference in locus DYS437(P=0.022) between two groups,not in the other 21 Y?STRs loci( all P>0.05) . Univarite analysis showed significant differences at allelle 14 in locus DYS437 between both groups ( initiative?aggressive behavior group:69. 37%;impulsive?aggressive behavior group:58. 67%; P=0. 009 ) . Conclusion Loci DYS437 may be associated with aggressive behavior. In the group of aggressive behavior, allelle 14 on locus DYS437 may be the susceptible factor of initiative?aggressive behavior and the resistant factor of impulsive?aggressive.
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Objective To compare the capabilities of culture method, polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and serological test in identifying Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with confirmed com-munity acquired pneumonia. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum samples were collected from hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia in Capital Institute of Pediatrics from March to May in 2016. Three methods, traditional culture method, PCR and serological test, were respectively used to de-tect Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in those children. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS18. 0 software and chi-square test. Results Seventy-nine children with community acquired pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Eight (10. 13%) patients were diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infec-tions by the traditional culture method with an average positive culture period of 21 days. Twenty-three (29. 11%) patients showed positive results by using PCR analysis, including the 8 patients identified by the culture method. Forty-one (51. 90%) patients were found to be positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infec-tions by the serological test. However, four negative samples identified by the serological test were confirmed to be positive by PCR analysis, including two positive samples confirmed by the culture method. Statistical analysis showed that the differences in positive rates detected by using the three methods were statistically significant. Conclusion It is recommended that both serological test and PCR analysis should be used in combination with clinical symptoms for a comprehensive assessment of Mycoplasma pneumonia infection in children.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) in Beijing in the first half of 2015 and 2016. Methods Respiratory tract specimens were collected from children with respiratory infection who were admitted to Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics in the first half of 2015 and 2016. DNA molecules were extracted from these specimens and then analyzed by real-time PCR to detect M.pneumoniae repMp1 genes. Speci-mens that were positive for M.pneumoniae were genotyped by modified MLVA[multiple-locus variable-num-ber tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis] and P1-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis). Moreover, macrolide resistance was evaluated through detecting mutations in 23S rRNA genes. Results The prevalence of M.pneumoniae from January to June in 2015 and 2016 was 18.5% (50/271) and 35% (99/283),respectively. Of the 50 strains isolated in 2015,48 were M4-5-7-2/P1 genotype and only two were M3-5-6-2/P2 genotype. The 99 strains isolated in 2016 belonged to three genotypes, including 82 of M4-5-7-2/P1,two of M4-5-7-3/P1 and 15 of M3-5-6-2/P2. Macrolide resistance rate was 92% in 2015 and 83.8% in 2016. Conclusion More cases of M.pneumoniae infection were detected in the first half of 2016 than in the corresponding period of 2015. Compared with the 2015,the proportion of M4-5-7-2/P1 genotype strains decreased,while that of M3-5-6-2/P2 genotype strains increased in 2016. Moreover, a decline in macrolide resistance rate was found in 2016.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the association of short tandem repeats (STRs) loci with aggressive behaviors of schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples from 123 schizophrenic patients with aggressive behaviors and 489 schizophrenic patients without aggressive behaviors were collected. DNA from all samples was amplified with a PowerPlex 21 system and separated by electrophoresis to determine the genotypes and allelic frequencies of 20 STR loci including D3S1368, D1S1656, D6S1043, D13S317, Penta E, D16S639, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, TH01, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, D5S818, TPOX, D8S1179, D12S391, D19S433, and FGA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the 20 STR loci have reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both groups. A significant difference was found in allelic and genotypic frequencies of loci Penta D between the two groups (alleles: P=0.042; genotypes: P=0.014) but not for the remaining 19 loci (P> 0.05). Univariate analysis also showed a significant difference for allele 10 and genotypes 10-12 of Penta D between the two groups (P=0.0027, P=0.0001), with the OR being 1.81 (95%CI: 1.22-2.67) and 4.33 (95%CI: 1.95-9.59), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Penta D may be associated with aggressive behaviors of schizophrenia. Allele 10 and genotypes 10-12 of Penta D may confer a risk for the disease.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aggression , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , Schizophrenia , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of childhood abuse on leptin level in blood plasma of adult depression patients.Methods 106 depression patients were included in this study.Children abuse status,severity of depression anxiety were assessed with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ),Hamil-ton rating scale for depression ( HAMD) and Hamilton rating scale for anxiety ( HAMA) .According to CTQ score subjects were divided into abuse group ( n=38) and non-abuse group ( n=68) .Leptin levels were de-termined using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results Of 106 depression patients 35.85%( n=38) had been abused in childhood according to the result of CTQ score.There were significant differences between the abuse group and the non-abuse group in the age of first onset,sex ratio,the total score of the HAMD-24,the total score of HAMA.Leptin level of abuse group ((4.989±2.820)μg/L) was lower than that in non-abuse group((7.324±4.941)μg/L, P<0.05) and control group ((9.811±7.353)μg/L, P<0.01).Leptin level in non-abuse group was lower than that in control group ( P<0.01).Conclusion Childhood abuse obviously influences lep-tin levels of adult depression patients,which may be a risk factor of adult depression development.
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BACKGROUND:Core decompression and autogenous bone grafts are widely used in treatment of early avascular necrosis of femoral head. According to the report, the success rate of this therapy has obvious difference;the reasons may be related to inaccurate puncture location and secondary damnification of repeated puncture. OBJECTIVE:To reconstruct three-dimensional model of femoral head necrosis by Mimics software for reappearance of lesions in the necrotic area to realize measurement of necrotic area of the femoral head and estimation of its volume. METHODS:We restructured images by using multi-slice spiral CT Syngommvvp VE23A workstation, Inspace software and NeuroDSA software. Hip CT data in DICOM format were imported into Mimics 13.0 software systems. Necrotic area of the femoral head was reconstructed with Mimics SimuIation software to truly reproduce the integrated form, scope and stereochemical structure of the necrotic area so as to achieve the measurement of the necrotic area of the femoral head and the volume estimation. We designed the best core decompression channel, simulated core decompression surgery, so that the patients could refer to the best simulated decompression path in the operation of core decompression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Among 36 patients (48 hips) with avascular necrosis of femoral head, there were phase I in 8 hips, accounting for 17%, phase II in 28 hips, accounting for 58%, and phase III in 12 hips, accounting for 25%. (2) The volume of necrotic area was (1 475.48±647.342) mm3 in the phase I, (4 571.77±2 344.55) mm3 in the phase II, and (4 836.46±2 969.33) mm3 in the phase III. (3) We simulated the core decompression based on the radius of the sphere of the necrotic area as parameter in the Mimics Simulation software module, and then completely cleared the necrotic area. (4) Surgery can more clearly understand information and stereochemical structure of the necrotic area with Mimics software to simulate the core decompression. It is the theoretical basis of operation.
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Since the China's new healthcare reform has launched , beneficial policies introduced by the central and local governments has promoted the rapid development of private hospitals .This paper taking Sichuan Province as an ex-ample analyzes the development of private hospitals from four points of view:hospital amount, scale, location and services package, using 2002—2014 hospital-level data, which provides decision support for formulating and improving relative pol-icies.As per the analysis of the data at hand , it has been confirmed that private sector has developed quickly during the 13 years, with the number of hospitals increasing by 19.2%annually.Private hospitals were mainly of small-scale.Although the proportion of services provided by privates sector has grown yearly , it was merely 14.5%in 2014.The hospital location that the private sector selected concentrated mainly in developed regions , but the proportion of private hospital in the un-derdeveloped region has risen steadily .In terms of types of service provided , there were certain differences between private and public sector.Compared to the public sector, the private sector provided a higher proportion of specialized medical services, concentrating on otolaryngology , cosmetic plastic surgery , cardiovascular services , etc.
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Objective To explore the effect of childhood abuse on suicidal ideation and the influencing factors among recruits.Methods Through stratified sampling,505 recruits in Nanjing were tested by childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS),Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale(SIOSS) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS).Results 1.The scores of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in recruits who had childhood abuse were significantly higher than those in control group ((5.56±4.58) vs (2.11±2.79),(5.93±3.01)vs (3.10±2.27),P＜0.01).2.The score of positive coping in recruits who had childhood abuse was significantly lower than that in control group(18.98±6.16 vs 23.27±7.45; P＜0.05).The score of negative coping in recruits who had childhood abuse was significantly higher than that in control group(9.27±5.04 vs 23.27±7.45; P＜0.01).3.The scores of social support in recruits who had childhood abuse were significantly lower than that in control group ((69.38± 10.43),(20.16±3.97),(25.73±3.68),(22.82±5.52) vs(75.55±9.67),(23.25±2.50),(27.56±3.51),(24.67±5.33) ; P＜0.05).4.The score of total CTQ was positively correlated with suicidal ideation,hopelessness,negative coping(r=0.379,0.402,0.228; P＜0.01),but negatively correlated with active coping style,social support(r=-0.285,-0.302; P＜0.01).Conclusion The recruits who had childhood abuse are susceptible to suicidal ideation.The negative coping style and lacking of social support may be the main factors to the suicidal ideation.
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Objective To evaluate the efficiency of using nested PCR in restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (P1-RFLP) for genotyping Mycoplasma pneumonia (M.pneumonia) in clinical specimens.Methods Based on the gene sequence of RepMp4 and RepMp2/3 in P1 gene of reference strains M129 (type 1) and FH (type 2),two sets of inner primers were designed with a HaeⅢ restriction enzyme site (GGCC).The nested PCR was set up to detect the target DNA in clinical specimens.The amplification products were mixed and digested with Hae Ⅲ enzyme.The genotypes were analyzed by comparing with various restriction maps and the results were verified by sequencing analysis.The concentration of DNA extracted from standard and clinical strains were detected by ten-fold dilution to evaluate the sensitivity of nested PCR-P1-RFLP and P1-RFLP.M.pneumonia-positive specimens isolated from Beijing in 2012 were analyzed by the nested PCR-P1-RFLP and the results were compared with those by P1-RFLP analysis.Results The nested PCR-P1-RFLP could effectively genotype M.pneumonia in clinical specimens and the results were consistent with those by sequencing analysis.The sensitivity of new assay was 103 times higher than that of the original P1-RFLP.Of the 115 M.pneumoniae positive clinical specimens,97.4％ (112/115) were type 1 and the rest were type 2.Conclusion The nested PCR-P1-RFLP shows high efficiency for genotyping of M.pneumonia in clinical specimens.It might be useful for the surveillance of M.pneumoniae infection.